Idioms

Name    : Ketlin azura
Class      : 4 c (English)
Study    : Semantics
Tittle     : The study of idioms and its application to ESL and intercultural communicationAuthor  : Yoko ItoAffiliation : San Jose State UniversityTopic      : Idiom
Rqs        : 
-Research question : 
1.this research question was confirmed as predicted from literature review.
2.this research question was confirmed as predicted.
3.this research question was also  confirmed partially.

Methodology : the researcher arranged to collect the data during regularly scheduled meetings of the participants.before the questioner survey,the researcher explained that the purpose of the study was to explore the link between the use of idiom and intercultural relationship,provided intructions for responding to the scale items,and distributed the questioner.

Result : the data were analyses of variance were perform to explore comprehension,ability,perceived interpersonal relationship,generation identification.

Strengthness : the strenghness of the theses can large our knowledge to study about idiom.
Weakness    : so many explanation and make me confuse to understand this theses.

Semantics article

Nama          : Ketlin Azura

Class           : 4c English

Tittle           : Media Semantics

Article        : Werner Haas, Werner Bailer and Michael Hausenblas

In                : JOANNEUM RESEARCH

                      Institute of Information Systems & Information Management

                     Steyrergasse 17, 8010 Graz, Austria.

Abstract

Our institute’s scope is put on the integration of content-based and semantic technologies into

multimedia applications. We therefore highlight the current state-of-the-art in dealing with the Semantic Gap and present our approach based on the experience gained from projects focusing on real-world media data.

Introduction

The key research in media semantics still is focused on how to bridge the Semantic Gap. Following [1], “The semantic gap is the lack of coincidence between the information that one can extract from the visual data and the interpretation that the same data have for a user in a given situation”. We subscribe to this view, and discuss in the following section different approaches how to actually deal with this situation in applications for multimedia content retrieval and production.

So far our standard methodologies to describe and search specific content, for example an image, video or piece of music, are mostly utilizing “piggy-back” text technologies based workingon metadata. Model-based. This class of approaches emerged from the application

 of computer vision and image understanding research to multimedia indexing and retrieval.

On the way to Media Semantics

Projects.

Our institute focuses its research on the integration of content-based and semantic technologies into applications and workflows for the production, and distribution of digital content,as well as media understanding. We head for environments in the realm of professional movie and film productions, and likewise market research. To pursue these goals, the institute participates in national and European projects such as SALERO, Semedia, MediaCampaign,UAd, NM2, IP-RACINE, and K-Space. Whereas K-Space is an example from the foundational research, with NM2 and IP-RACINE we have two media production projects that elaborate on the question: “How to use semantic technologies together with standard media metadata to produce content”. The three latter mentioned projects are discussed in detail below.

Applying the Hybrid Approach. As mentioned above, we focus on real-world multimedia applications that typically deal with large media collections. Due to the requirements of these applications,such as scalability, multi-modality, and heterogeneity in terms of context, we follow the hybrid approach. Features automatically extracted by content analysis tools are represented using MPEG-7, while domain semantics are formalized in terms of OWL. Different methodologies of integrating these two representations (e.g. formal-driven, feature-oriented [6]) are utilized depending on the project’s needs.

Conclusion

In this paper we have described a number of approaches how to overcome the Semantic Gap.

We have shown how solutions could look like in a practical setup, and have pointed out main

activities and further directions. Based on the experience gained from our projects, we are convinced that the integration of multimedia content analysis and Semantic Web technologies isnecessary in order to build next generation multimedia applications.The currently ongoing

standardization activities will provide the basis for these technologies in the near future.

References

[1] Arnold W. M. Smeulders, Marcel Worring, Simone Santini, Amarnath Gupta, Ramesh

Jain. Content-Based Image Retrieval at the End of the Early Years. IEEE Transactions on

Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 22(12):1349–1380, 2000.

[2] ISO/IEC 15938, Multimedia Content Description Interface, 2001.

[3] Jacco van Ossenbruggen, Frank Nack, and Lynda Hardman. That Obscure Object of

Desire: Multimedia Metadata on the Web, Part 1. IEEE MultiMedia, 11(4):38–48, 2004.

[4] Jacco van Ossenbruggen, Frank Nack, and Lynda Hardman. That Obscure Object of

Desire: Multimedia Metadata on the Web, Part 2. IEEE MultiMedia, 12(1):54–63, 2005.

[5] Ben Adida and Michael Hausenblas. RDFa Use Cases: Scenarios for Embedding RDF in

HTML. Editor’s draft, W3C Semantic Web Deployment Working Group, 2007.

[6] Peter Schallauer, Werner Bailer and Georg Thallinger. A Description Infrastructure for

Audiovisual Media Processing Systems Based on MPEG-7. Journal of Universal Knowledge

Management, 1(1): 26-35, 2006.